This documentation is automatically generated by online-judge-tools/verification-helper
// verification-helper: PROBLEM https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/dominatortree
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define call_from_test
#include "../../graph/dominatortree.cpp"
#undef call_from_test
signed main(){
cin.tie(0);
ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
int n,m,s;
cin>>n>>m>>s;
DominatorTree G(n);
for(int i=0;i<m;i++){
int a,b;
cin>>a>>b;
G.add_edge(a,b);
}
G.build(s);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
if(i) cout<<" ";
cout<<G[i];
}
cout<<endl;
return 0;
}
#line 1 "test/yosupo/dominatortree.test.cpp"
// verification-helper: PROBLEM https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/dominatortree
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define call_from_test
#line 1 "graph/dominatortree.cpp"
#line 3 "graph/dominatortree.cpp"
using namespace std;
#endif
//BEGIN CUT HERE
struct DominatorTree{
struct UnionFind{
vector<int> ;
vector<int> ps,ms;
UnionFind(vector<int> &semi):
semi(semi),ps(semi.size()),ms(semi.size()){
iota(ps.begin(),ps.end(),0);
iota(ms.begin(),ms.end(),0);
}
int find(int v){
if(ps[v]==v) return v;
int r=find(ps[v]);
if(semi[ms[v]]>semi[ms[ps[v]]]) ms[v]=ms[ps[v]];
return ps[v]=r;
}
int eval(int v){
find(v);
return ms[v];
}
void link(int p,int v){ps[v]=p;}
};
vector< vector<int> > G,R;
vector<int> ord,par,idom,semi;
DominatorTree(int n):
G(n),R(n),par(n),idom(n,-1),semi(n,-1){
ord.reserve(n);
}
void add_edge(int u,int v){
G[u].emplace_back(v);
R[v].emplace_back(u);
}
void dfs(int v){
semi[v]=ord.size();
ord.emplace_back(v);
for(int u:G[v]){
if(~semi[u]) continue;
par[u]=v;
dfs(u);
}
}
void build(int rt){
int n=G.size();
dfs(rt);
vector< vector<int> > bkt(n);
UnionFind uf(semi);
vector<int> us(n);
for(int i=(int)ord.size()-1;i>=0;i--){
int v=ord[i];
for(int u:R[v]){
if(semi[u]<0) continue;
u=uf.eval(u);
if(semi[v]>semi[u]) semi[v]=semi[u];
}
bkt[ord[semi[v]]].emplace_back(v);
for(int u:bkt[par[v]]) us[u]=uf.eval(u);
bkt[par[v]].clear();
uf.link(par[v],v);
}
for(int i=1;i<(int)ord.size();i++){
int v=ord[i],u=us[v];
idom[v]=(semi[v]==semi[u]?semi[v]:idom[u]);
}
for(int i=1;i<(int)ord.size();i++){
int v=ord[i];
idom[v]=ord[idom[v]];
}
idom[rt]=rt;
}
int operator[](int k){return idom[k];}
};
//END CUT HERE
#ifndef call_from_test
int main(){
return 0;
}
#endif
#line 8 "test/yosupo/dominatortree.test.cpp"
#undef call_from_test
signed main(){
cin.tie(0);
ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
int n,m,s;
cin>>n>>m>>s;
DominatorTree G(n);
for(int i=0;i<m;i++){
int a,b;
cin>>a>>b;
G.add_edge(a,b);
}
G.build(s);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
if(i) cout<<" ";
cout<<G[i];
}
cout<<endl;
return 0;
}